IPv6

IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6.

Basically it is newer version of IP address. Currently, IPv4 is being used. But it has some limitations. Like...

• Number of available addresses.
  
  Because of increasing number internet users and internet using applications,the number of addresses available is decreasing day by day.
  
  
  
  
• Security
  
  IPv4 was published in 1981 and current security problems weren't present at that time. So Providing security to IPv4 is very difficult.
• Complex address configuration.
  
  Because of increase in number of internet users and internet applications, the address configuration has become complex.
  
  
• Quality of Service(QoS). based
  
  Quality of Service (QoS) is available in IPv4 and it relies on the 8 bits of the IPv4 Type of Service (TOS) field and the identification of the payload. IPv4 Type of Service (TOS) field has limited functionality and payload identification (uses a TCP or UDP port) is not possible when the IPv4 packet payload is
  encrypted.
  
  
  

These limitations has been over come in IPv6. Key features of IPv6 are as under.

• Number of addresses available.
  
  
  
  IPv4 uses 32 bit address. That means it has 2³² = 4,294,967,296 available addresses.
  
  Whereas IPv6 uses 128 bit address. That means it has
  2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
  available addresses.
Which is 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 times more than IPv4. That means approx ∼ 5 x 10²⁸ addresses per person on the planet.

• Example of IPv6 address.
  
  IPv4 address:198.10.0.0/16
  
  IPv6 address: 2001:db8:12::/40
  
  
  
• Types of addresses.
  
  
  
  Unicast : One to One (Global, Unique Local, Link local)
  
  Anycast : One to Nearest (Allocated from Unicast)
  
  Multicast : One to Many.
  
  
  
• IPv6 Header format is shown below.
  
  
  
  
  
  
• Decomposition of IPv6 address in to its binary form is shown below.
  
  
  
  
  

• 8 June 2011 was named as IPv6 day.

Block Unwanted Programs From Using Your Internet

If we don't block these programs the can use our data plans. They can use our data for no worth. There are many software available in the internet. But the most easy to use software are firewalls. There are many firewalls available. I will show you how to use it.

• Install any firewall software. I will show you how to use 'Sygate Personal Firewall'. You can download it from the link given below.
  Sygate Personal Firewall



• Install it. It will demand for restart.
• After connecting to internet, after some time you will get the message like under.

• You can select 'yes' or 'no' according to your choice.
• You will find it interesting that you will come to know that which softwares are using your internet connection. And you can allow or block them.
• Here are some screenshots of this software.

• There are other firewalls available.
  Comodo Internet Security
  
  Outpost Firewall
  
  PeerBlock
  
  Sunbelt Personal Firewall
  
  ZoneAlarm
  
• You can use any of them.