Monday, 26 September 2011

IPv6


IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6.

Basically it is newer version of IP address. Currently, IPv4 is being used. But it has some limitations. Like...


  • Number of available addresses.

    Because of increasing number internet users and internet using applications,the number of addresses available is decreasing day by day.



  • Security

    IPv4 was published in 1981 and current security problems weren't present at that time. So Providing security to IPv4 is very difficult.
  • Complex address configuration.

    Because of increase in number of internet users and internet applications, the address configuration has become complex.

  • Quality of Service(QoS). based

    Quality of Service (QoS) is available in IPv4 and it relies on the 8 bits of the IPv4 Type of Service (TOS) field and the identification of the payload. IPv4 Type of Service (TOS) field has limited functionality and payload identification (uses a TCP or UDP port) is not possible when the IPv4 packet payload is
    encrypted.


These limitations has been over come in IPv6. Key features of IPv6 are as under.


  • Number of addresses available.

    IPv4 uses 32 bit address. That means it has 232 = 4,294,967,296 available addresses.

    Whereas IPv6 uses 128 bit address. That means it has
    2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
    available addresses.
  • Which is 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 times more than IPv4. That means approx ∼ 5 x 1028 addresses per person on the planet.
  • Example of IPv6 address.

    IPv4 address:198.10.0.0/16

    IPv6 address: 2001:db8:12::/40


  • Types of addresses.

    Unicast : One to One (Global, Unique Local, Link local)

    Anycast : One to Nearest (Allocated from Unicast)

    Multicast : One to Many.


  • IPv6 Header format is shown below.


    IPv6 Header Format
  • Decomposition of IPv6 address in to its binary form is shown below.


  • IPv6 Address into Binary Form
  • 8 June 2011 was named as IPv6 day.

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